Trajan

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As a civilian administrator, Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program, which reshaped the city of [|Rome] and left multiple enduring landmarks such as [|Trajan's Forum], [|Trajan's Market] and [|Trajan's Column]. It was as a military commander however that Trajan celebrated his greatest [|triumphs]. In 101, he launched a [|punitive expedition] into the kingdom of [|Dacia] against king [|Decebalus], defeating the Dacian army near [|Tapae] in 102, and finally conquering Dacia completely in 106. In 107, Trajan pushed further east and annexed the [|Nabataean kingdom], establishing the province of [|Arabia Petraea]. After a period of relative peace within the Empire, he launched his final campaign in 113 against [|Parthia], advancing as far as the city of [|Susa] in 116, and expanding the Roman Empire to its greatest extent. During this campaign Trajan was struck by illness, and late in 117, while sailing back to Rome, he died of a [|stroke] on [|August 9], in the city of [|Selinus]. He was [|deified] by the Senate and his ashes were laid to rest under [|Trajan's Column]. He was succeeded by his first cousin once removed [|Publius Aelius Hadrianus]—commonly known as Hadrian. As an emperor, Trajan's reputation has endured throughout history. Every new emperor after him was honoured by the Senate with the prayer //felicior Augusto, melior Traiano//, meaning "may he be luckier than [|Augustus] and better than Trajan". Among [|medieval] Christian theologians, Trajan was considered a virtuous pagan, while the 18th century historian [|Edward Gibbon] popularized the notion of the [|Five Good Emperors], of which Trajan was the second.
 * Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus**, commonly known as **Trajan** ( 18 September 52 – 9 August 117 ), was a [|Roman Emperor] who reigned from A. D. 98 until his death in A. D. 117. Born **Marcus Ulpius Traianus** into a nonpatrician family[|[1]] in the [|Hispania Baetica] province (modern day [|Spain]), Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor [|Domitian], serving as a general in the [|Roman army] along the[|German frontier], and successfully crushing the revolt of [|Antonius Saturninus] in 89. On [|September 18], [|96] , Domitian was succeeded by[|Marcus Cocceius Nerva], an old and childless senator who proved to be unpopular with the army. After a brief and tumultuous year in power, a revolt by members of the [|Praetorian Guard] compelled him to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor. Nerva died on  [|January 27] , [|98] , and was succeeded by his adopted son without incident.