Urban+VI

Great Schism- 1377:

1377: last Avignon Pope, Gregory XI goes back to Rome to die 1378: Italians led by Florentines demand an Italian successor in response to the French domination of the Avignon popes and the College of Cardinals. Cardinals elected Pope Urban VI who adopted strict reforms to curb the extravagance of the papal court. COllege of Cardinals in France reacts by electing a second Pope,, the Frenchman Clement VII established in Avignon

led to Council of Pisa in 1408: where Pope Alexander V was elected and the other two deposed

SIGNIFICANCE: church is divided along lines of secular political units ex. Gallic Church in France (Catholic but nationally aligned) sets precedent for conciliarism: body of church can question the head in times of crisis UNDERMINES PAPACY'S SELF-PERCEPTION AS A MONARCHICAL POWER